🔬 Discovery

Electronegativity scale

Escala de electronegatividad

Date
1932 · confidence high
Place
Caltech, Pasadena, California, United States
Credited to
Linus Pauling
People
👤 Linus Pauling1901–1994
Field
Matter & energy

What was discovered

Pauling quantifies each atom's tendency to attract electrons from bond energies, defining a periodic scale that predicts the polarity and ionic character of bonds.

Alternative scales by Mulliken (1934) and Allred-Rochow (1958).

What it led to

  • Prediction of bond polarity
  • Materials chemistry
  • Chemistry teaching

Built on

  • valence bond theory
  • bond thermochemistry

Made possible

  • design of compound semiconductors

📄 Original publication

THE NATURE OF THE CHEMICAL BOND. IV. THE ENERGY OF SINGLE BONDS AND THE RELATIVE ELECTRONEGATIVITY OF ATOMSLinus Pauling · Journal of the American Chemical Society · 1932

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