Faddeev–Popov ghost
Fantasma de Faddeev–Popov
- Date
- 1967 · confidence high
- Place
- Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Credited to
- Liúdvig Faddéyev y Victor Popov
- Field
- Cosmos & Earth
What was discovered
Auxiliary fields introduced by Ludvig Faddeev and Victor Popov to keep the path-integral formulation of gauge quantum field theories, such as Yang–Mills, consistent.
What it led to
- Consistent quantization of non-abelian gauge theories
- Mathematical basis of the Standard Model of particle physics
- Feynman rules for gauge fields
- Gauge-fixing methods in quantum field theory