Fluctuation-dissipation theorem
Teorema de fluctuación-disipación
- Date
- 1951 · confidence medium
- Place
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Credited to
- Herbert Callen and Theodore Welton
- Field
- Cosmos & Earth
What was discovered
A statistical physics theorem relating a system's spontaneous fluctuations at thermal equilibrium to its dissipative response (admittance or impedance) to an external perturbation, generally formulated by Herbert Callen and Theodore Welton building on earlier work by Nyquist and Einstein.
What it led to
- unified framework for thermal noise and linear response in statistical physics
- generalization of Johnson-Nyquist noise in electrical circuits
- applications in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics
- basis of linear response theory in condensed matter physics