🛠️ Invention or technique

Hashcash

Date
1997 · confidence medium
Place
Cambridge, United Kingdom
Credited to
Adam Back
Field
Knowledge & symbols

What it is

A proof-of-work system requiring an expensive hash computation to curb email spam and denial-of-service attacks, proposed by Adam Back and later the direct model for Bitcoin's mining mechanism.

What it led to

  • direct precursor of Bitcoin's proof-of-work
  • spam mitigation through computational cost
  • inspiration for other computation-based anti-abuse systems
  • development of proof-of-work-based tokens and currencies
🕸️ View in the graph

Made possible

Links

Sources✓ verified 2026-09-28