Male circumcision as HIV prevention (Orange Farm, Kisumu and Rakai trials)
La circuncisión masculina como prevención del VIH (ensayos de Orange Farm, Kisumu y Rakai)
- Date
- 2005-2007 · confidence high
- Place
- Kisumu, Nyanza, Kenya
- Credited to
- Robert Bailey (Kisumu), Ronald Gray (Rakai) and Bertran Auvert (Orange Farm, South Africa)
- Field
- Life & health
What was discovered
Three randomised trials in South Africa, Kenya and Uganda showed that medical male circumcision halves or more the risk of acquiring heterosexual HIV. Follow-up was stopped for ethical reasons.
The first trial was Orange Farm, South Africa (2005, 60% reduction); Kisumu and Rakai (2007) confirmed it with 53% and 51% reductions. It is placed at Kisumu as one of the 2007 trials; the effect does not protect female partners comparably.
What it led to
- WHO voluntary medical male circumcision campaigns in East and southern Africa
- millions of circumcisions and many infections averted
- a model for combined biomedical prevention interventions