🛠️ Invention or technique

Metal planer

Cepilladora de metales

Date
1817-1820 · confidence medium
Place
Manchester, England, United Kingdom
Credited to
Richard Roberts (also Matthew Murray, James Fox, Joseph Clement)
People
👤 Richard Roberts1789–1864
Field
Tools

⚠️ Disputed: the sources disagree.

What it is

A machine that produced flat metal surfaces and straight guideways using a fixed tool over a reciprocating table. Without flat reference surfaces there could be no precision machinery.

Several British mechanics (Murray in Leeds, Fox in Derby, Clement in London, Roberts in Manchester) built planing machines almost simultaneously between 1814 and 1820.

What it led to

  • Accurate machine-tool beds and guideways
  • Manchester's workshops as the capital of the machine tool
  • The manufacture of Roberts's self-acting mule and locomotives
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Sources✓ verified 2026-09-25