Modern submarine
Submarino moderno
- Date
- 1888–1900 · confidence medium
- Place
- New York, United States
- Credited to
- John Philip Holland (Holland VI, 1897; USS Holland, 1900); Isaac Peral (electric submarine with torpedoes, Cartagena, 1888); Maxime Laubeuf (Narval, 1899)
- People
- 👤 Isaac Peral1851–1895👤 John Philip Holland1840–1914👤 Maxime Laubeuf1864–1939
- Field
- Conflict
⚠️ Disputed: the sources disagree.
What it is
Submersible with a surface combustion engine, an electric motor and batteries while submerged, and torpedoes. The Holland model was adopted by the American, British and Japanese navies.
Peral built a working electric submarine with torpedo tubes in 1888 that the Spanish Navy discarded; Holland integrated dual propulsion.
What it led to
- Unrestricted submarine warfare (1917, 1939-45) and blockades
- Convoys, sonar and anti-submarine warfare
- Nuclear submarine and deterrence
Built on
- Ictíneo (Monturiol's submarine with an air-independent engine)1859-1867
- Peral submarine (electric torpedo submarine)1888-1890
- Diesel engine1893–1897
- Lead-acid battery
- Whitehead torpedo (1866)