📜 Theorem, law or theory

Monstrous moonshine

Date
1979 · confidence high
Place
Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
Credited to
John McKay, John Conway and Simon P. Norton
Field
Knowledge & symbols

What was discovered

An unexpected connection between the monster group M and modular functions, in particular the j function; numerically observed by John McKay in 1978 and named «monstrous moonshine» by John Conway and Simon Norton in 1979.

What it led to

  • Development of the theory of vertex operator algebras
  • Proof of the moonshine conjectures by Richard Borcherds (Fields Medal, 1998)
  • Later connection with string theory and mathematical physics
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Sources✓ verified 2026-09-28