📜 Theorem, law or theory

Phasor method for AC circuits (Steinmetz)

Método simbólico de los circuitos de corriente alterna (Steinmetz)

Date
1893 · confidence high
Place
Yonkers, New York, United States
Credited to
Charles Proteus Steinmetz (and Arthur Kennelly)
Field
Matter & energy

⚠️ Disputed: the sources disagree.

What was discovered

At the Chicago electrical congress Steinmetz presented the use of complex numbers to treat alternating voltages and currents as rotating vectors. It turned AC network calculation into simple algebra.

Arthur Kennelly published equivalent results almost simultaneously (1893) and Oliver Heaviside had used similar methods earlier; credit is usually given to Steinmetz.

What it led to

  • impedance and phasor analysis across electrical engineering
  • calculation of large power networks
  • teaching of electrical engineering
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Sources✓ verified 2026-11-04