Quantum Hall effect
Efecto Hall cuántico
- Date
- 1980 · confidence high
- Place
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Grenoble, France
- Credited to
- Klaus von Klitzing; Daniel Tsui; Horst Störmer; Robert Laughlin
- People
- 👤 Klaus von Klitzing1943–
- Field
- Matter & energy
What was discovered
In a two-dimensional electron gas at low temperature and high magnetic field, the Hall resistance takes exactly quantised values in h/e², independent of the material. Tsui and Störmer find the fractional version in 1982, explained by Laughlin with fractionally charged quasiparticles.
Nobel Prize for von Klitzing in 1985 and for Tsui, Störmer and Laughlin in 1998.
What it led to
- Resistance standard and the definition of the ohm
- Topological phases of matter (Thouless, Haldane)
- Topological insulators
- Anyons and topological quantum computing
Built on
- Classical Hall effect
- High-quality silicon MOSFET transistors
- GaAs heterostructures
Made possible
- Quantum anomalous Hall effect2013
- Quantum resistance standard
- Measurement of the fine-structure constant