🛠️ Invention or technique

Reinforced earth: soil wall with strip reinforcement

Tierra armada: muro de suelo reforzado con bandas

Date
1963 · confidence high
Place
Gèdre (Pragnères), Hautes-Pyrénées, France
Credited to
Henri Vidal
Field
Tools

What it is

Layers of granular fill alternate with steel or geosynthetic strips that hold the soil by friction and form a vertical face with panels. It makes tall walls cheaper than gravity walls, tolerating settlement and earthquakes.

Vidal patented the principle in 1963 and built the first experimental wall in 1965-1968 at Pragnères; reinforcement with branches and mats was used in ancient civilisations (the Aqar Quf ziggurat).

What it led to

  • bridge approach and road walls in difficult terrain
  • geosynthetics and geogrid-reinforced soils
  • vertical embankments and steep slopes
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