🔬 Discovery

The pion

El pion (mesón pi)

Date
1947 · confidence high
Place
University of Bristol, England, United Kingdom (emulsions exposed at Pic du Midi)
Credited to
Cecil Powell; César Lattes; Giuseppe Occhialini
People
👤 Cecil Frank Powell1903–1969👤 César Lattes1924–2005👤 Giuseppe Occhialini1907–1993
Field
Cosmos & Earth

What was discovered

In photographic emulsions exposed at high altitude, a particle is observed that decays into a muon: Yukawa's meson that mediates the nuclear force. It resolves the confusion with the muon and inaugurates hadron physics.

Lattes carried out the key exposures in Chacaltaya (Bolivia); Nobel Prize awarded only to Powell in 1950.

What it led to

  • Hadron physics and meson accelerators
  • Confirmation of Yukawa's theory
  • Strange particles (kaons, 1947) and the 'particle zoo'
  • Quark model
🕸️ View in the graph

Built on

Made possible

  • Pion therapy (experimental)
  • Meson factories (LAMPF, TRIUMF)

📄 Original publication

PROCESSES INVOLVING CHARGED MESONSC. M. G. LATTES, H. MUIRHEAD, G. P. S. OCCHIALINI, C. F. POWELL · Nature · 1947

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