Algebraic topology: homology and fundamental group
Topología algebraica (Analysis Situs): homología y grupo fundamental
- Date
- 1895 · confidence high
- Place
- Paris, France
- Credited to
- Henri Poincaré
- People
- 👤 Henri Poincaré1854–1912
- Field
- Knowledge & symbols
What was discovered
The introduction of algebraic invariants (Betti numbers, the fundamental group) that distinguish spaces that cannot be deformed into one another. It founds algebraic topology as a discipline.
Poincaré also discovered deterministic chaos in the three-body problem (1890) and automorphic functions.
What it led to
- algebraic topology
- homotopy theory
- the Poincaré conjecture
- knot theory
- topological data analysis
Built on
- Euler formula and Euler identity1748
- Möbius strip1858
- Riemann surfaces
- Listing and Möbius