🛠️ Invention or technique

CoWoS chip-on-wafer-on-substrate packaging by TSMC

CoWoS, empaquetado de chips sobre oblea de TSMC

Date
2011-2012 · confidence medium
Place
Hsinchu, Taiwan
Credited to
TSMC
Field
Knowledge & symbols

What it is

A packaging technique that places several chips (processor and high-bandwidth memory) on a silicon interposer attached to a substrate. It was used in 2012 for a Xilinx FPGA and is today the basis of artificial-intelligence accelerators.

TSMC announced CoWoS in 2011 and it was first applied in 2012 with Xilinx; silicon interposers and 2.5D stacking have antecedents in earlier research.

What it led to

  • AI accelerators with HBM memory
  • heterogeneous chip integration (chiplets)
  • packaging-capacity bottlenecks in the AI industry
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Sources✓ verified 2026-11-04