🛠️ Invention or technique

Mugujeonggwang Great Dharani Sutra

Sutra dharani Mugujeonggwang (impresión xilográfica)

Date
c. 704-751 · confidence medium
Place
Seokgatap Pagoda, Bulguksa Temple, Gyeongju, South Korea
Credited to
Unified Silla kingdom
Field
Communication

⚠️ Disputed: the sources disagree.

What it is

A woodblock-printed scroll found in 1966 inside a pagoda sealed in 751. It is one of the oldest surviving printed items, earlier than the Chinese Diamond Sutra dated to 868.

Korea and China dispute where it was printed, because it contains characters used by Empress Wu Zetian; the date is earlier than 751, the year the pagoda was sealed.

What it led to

  • large-scale Buddhist printing in Korea
  • the Tripitaka Koreana
  • Korean movable metal type
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Sources✓ verified 2026-09-25