🛠️ Invention or technique

Proto-Elamite script

Escritura protoelamita

Date
c. 3100 BCE · confidence medium
Place
Susa, Khuzestan, Iran
Credited to
Elamite scribes
Field
Knowledge & symbols

⚠️ Disputed: the sources disagree.

What it is

Writing system on clay tablets, arising in Susa almost at the same time as the proto-cuneiform of Uruk, used mainly for administrative accounting from Susa to Tepe Yahya and Shahr-e Sukhteh. It is one of the world's oldest writing systems and remains undeciphered.

Whether it is an independent invention or derived from Mesopotamian proto-cuneiform is disputed; its numerical signs are indeed comparable. It remains undeciphered.

What it led to

  • accounting administration on the Iranian plateau
  • written exchange network between Susa and eastern Iran
  • linear Elamite script
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Sources✓ verified 2026-09-25