Human embryonic stem cells and iPS cells
Células madre embrionarias humanas y células iPS
- Date
- 1998-2006 · confidence high
- Place
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States (Thomson, 1998); Kyoto University, Japan (Yamanaka, 2006)
- Credited to
- James Thomson (embryonic); Shinya Yamanaka (induced pluripotent stem cells with four factors; Nobel 2012)
- People
- 👤 James Alexander Thomson1958–👤 Shin'ya Yamanaka1962–
- Field
- Life & health
What it is
Isolation of cells capable of becoming any tissue and, in 2006, the reprogramming of adult cells to a pluripotent state with four genes. They circumvented the ethical dilemma of embryos.
What it led to
- Regenerative medicine and the first trials with retina, heart and Parkinson's disease
- Organoids and disease-in-a-dish models
- The bioethics of embryos and synthetic embryo models
Built on
- In vitro fertilisation (IVF)1978
- Dolly the sheep (somatic cell nuclear transfer)1996
- cloning of Dolly
- cell culture
Made possible
- Organoids2009
- regenerative medicine
- embryo models