Organoids
Organoides
- Date
- 2009 · confidence high
- Place
- Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands; RIKEN, Kobe (Sasai)
- Credited to
- Hans Clevers and Toshiro Sato (intestinal organoids); Yoshiki Sasai (retina); Madeline Lancaster and Jürgen Knoblich (brain, 2013)
- People
- 👤 Hans Clevers1957–👤 Jürgen Knoblich1963–👤 Madeline Lancaster👤 Yoshiki Sasai1962–2014
- Field
- Life & health
What it is
Three-dimensional mini-organs grown from stem cells that reproduce the structure and function of real tissue. They allow drugs to be tested on the patient's own tissue.
What it led to
- Personalised medicine with patient avatars
- The reduction of animal experimentation
- Embryo models and ethical debates over brain organoids
Built on
- Embryonic stem cells1981 / 1998
- Human embryonic stem cells and iPS cells1998-2006
- Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS)2006-2007
- iPS stem cells
- extracellular matrices (Matrigel)
- 3D culture
Made possible
- Cerebral organoids (mini-brains) from stem cells2013
- organs-on-chip
- ex vivo precision medicine
- synthetic embryo models