Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS)
Células madre pluripotentes inducidas (iPS)
- Date
- 2006-2007 · confidence high
- Place
- Kyoto University, Japan
- Credited to
- Shinya Yamanaka and Kazutoshi Takahashi
- People
- 👤 Kazutoshi Takahashi1977–👤 Shin'ya Yamanaka1962–
- Field
- Life & health
What was discovered
Four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) reprogram adult fibroblasts to a pluripotent state equivalent to the embryonic one, without using embryos.
Nobel Prize 2012, with John Gurdon.
What it led to
- disease models in a dish and drug screening
- regenerative medicine (retina, Parkinson's, heart)
- partial reprogramming and ageing
- reduction of the ethical conflict over embryos
Built on
- Frog cloning by nuclear transfer (Gurdon)1962
- Embryonic stem cells1981 / 1998
- Dolly and nuclear reprogramming
Made possible
- Organoids2009
- Cerebral organoids (mini-brains) from stem cells2013
- Cultured (lab-grown) meat2013
- autologous cell therapies