Orbital launch vehicle and ICBM (R-7 Semyorka)
Cohete orbital y misil balístico intercontinental (R-7 Semiorka)
- Date
- 1957 · confidence high
- Place
- Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan (USSR); OKB-1 in Kaliningrad (Korolev), Moscow
- Credited to
- Sergei Korolev and OKB-1
- People
- 👤 Serguéi Koroliov1906–1966
- Field
- Movement
What it is
The first intercontinental ballistic missile, powerful enough to put payloads into orbit. Its derivatives (Soyuz) still fly today and form the most-launched rocket family in history.
The American Atlas flew successfully in December 1957.
What it led to
- The space race and Sputnik
- The threat of nuclear attack within minutes and the doctrine of deterrence
- The Soyuz family, which carries crews to the ISS
Built on
- Liquid-fuel rocket1926
- V-2 ballistic missile (A4)1942–1944
- Atomic bomb1945
- Hydrogen bomb (Ivy Mike)1952
- V-2 (Peenemünde)
- liquid-fuel engines
Made possible
- Sputnik 1, first artificial satellite1957
- Luna 2: first human-made object to reach the Moon13-14 de septiembre de 1959
- Luna 3: first images of the far side of the Moon7 de octubre de 1959
- Luna 1 and the first direct detection of the solar wind2-4 de enero de 1959
- Human spaceflight (Vostok 1) and SK-1 spacesuit1961
- Mariner 2: first successful planetary flyby (Venus)14 de diciembre de 1962
- Ōsumi, Japan's first satellite11 de febrero de 1970
- Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRV)1970
- Venera 7: first landing and transmission from another planet15 de diciembre de 1970
- SLV-3 launcher and Rohini satellite1980
- Soyuz rocket