🔬 Discovery

Stellar nucleosynthesis (B²FH)

Nucleosíntesis estelar (Hoyle, B²FH)

Date
1957 · confidence high
Place
Caltech, Pasadena, California, United States
Credited to
Margaret Burbidge, Geoffrey Burbidge, William Fowler, Fred Hoyle
People
👤 Fred Hoyle1915–2001👤 Geoffrey Burbidge1925–2010👤 Margaret Burbidge1919–2020👤 William Alfred Fowler1911–1995
Field
Cosmos & Earth

What was discovered

The B²FH paper showed how elements from carbon to uranium are forged in stars and supernovae. 'We are stardust' is its consequence.

Hoyle predicted in 1953 the resonant state of carbon-12, confirmed by Fowler.

What it led to

  • Cosmic origin of the elements
  • Chemical abundance astronomy
  • Galactic archaeology
🕸️ View in the graph

Built on

Made possible

📄 Original publication

Synthesis of the Elements in StarsE. Margaret Burbidge, G. R. Burbidge, William A. Fowler, F. Hoyle · Reviews of Modern Physics · 1957

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